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| Commonly
Used Terms |
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- Accommodations - Changes in curriculum or
instruction that do not substantially modify the
requirements of the class or alter the content standards or
benchmarks. Accommodations are determined by the IEP team
and are documented in the student IEP.
- Annual Review -- an evaluation, conducted at least
one time per year by the Committee on Special Education for
each child with a disability for the purposes of
recommending the continuation, modification, or termination
of the special education program.
- Assessment -- evaluation procedures used to
identify a child's needs and the family's concerns and
priorities about their child's development.
- Assistive Technology Device Any item, piece of
equipment, or product that is used to increase, maintain, or
improve or maintain the abilities of a child to function
including such activities as playing, communicating, or
eating. Assistive technology needs are determined by the IEP
team.
- BOCES -- Board of Cooperative Educational
Services
- Cognitive -- a term that describes the process used
for remembering, reasoning, understanding, and making
decisions. Your child's cognitive abilities will be
assessed during the evaluation process.
- CSE (Committee on Special Education) -- this is a
decision-making committee appointed by the school board of
education to determine eligibility and the appropriate level
of services for children aged 5-21 years old. The
committee conducts meetings to develop, review, or revise
the individual education program (IEP) of a student
with a disability.
- Confidentiality -- the right that personal
information about a child and family is not released without
parent consent or only when permitted or required by law.
- Consent -- written approval a parent gives to the CSE
to have their child evaluated and receive
services.
- Due Process -- procedures designed to protect a
person's rights. This includes requirements for
confidentiality, consent, and complaint mechanisms.
- Evaluation or Re-evaluation -- Means an
appropriate individual educational evaluation of a
pupil's performance or development conducted by
appropriately licensed personnel in accordance with
recognized professional standards.
- Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) -
Special education and related services are provided to
students with disabilities by the Local Education Agency
(LEA) - and Area Education Agency (AEA) at public expense
and under public supervision and direction at no cost to the
student’s parents.
- Full Inclusion -- Happens when a student with
disabilities are placed in a regular classroom for the
entire day with their same-age peers. Support services
may or may not be included.
- Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) - A process
of attempting to understand the purpose, motivation and
correlates of a problem behavior. The result of the process
is the development of an appropriate behavior support and
management plan.
- Impartial Hearing -- a formal process at which a
family's complaints can be heard by an impartial hearing
officer who will resolve the dispute or complaint regarding
the child's evaluation, IEP, or certain other issues.
- Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
- Federal law that grants entitlement for special
education services to children with disabilities.
- Individualized Education Program (IEP) - The
annually written record of an eligible individual’s
special education and related services. The IEP describes
the unique educational needs of the student and the manner
in which those educational needs will be met.
- Initial Evaluation -- The first formal evaluation
by the district that addresses the specific problems noted.
- Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) -- placement of
students with disabilities in special classes, separate
schools, or other removal from the regular educational
environment occurs only when the nature or severity of the
disability is such that even with the use of supplementary
aids and services, education cannot be satisfactorily
achieved.
- Learning Disability (LD) - A disability in one or
more of the basic psychological processes involved in
understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that
may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen,
think, speak, read, write, spell or to do mathematical
calculations. This includes conditions such as perceptual
disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, and
developmental aphasia. The term does not apply to
individuals who have learning problems that are primarily
the result of physical or mental disabilities, behavior
disorder, or environmental, cultural, or economic
disadvantage.
- Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) - A federal
mandate that to the maximum extent appropriate, children
with disabilities be educated with children who are not
disabled.
- Mainstreaming -- Placing a student with special
education needs into a regular classroom for part or all of
the day.
- Mediation – a method for solving a problem that
uses persons trained in helping people resolve their own
problems. In mediation, the school district and parent
will try to reach an agreement with which both parties are
satisfied.
- Modification - Changes in curriculum or instruction
that substantially change the requirements of the class or
substantially alter the content standards or benchmarks.
- Occupational Therapy (OT) - A special education
related service which is usually focused on the development
of a student’s fine motor skills and/or the identification
of adapted ways of accomplishing activities of daily living
when a student’s disabilities preclude doing those tasks
in typical ways (e.g. modifying clothing so a person without
arms can dress himself/herself).
- Pendency – a due process right that the parent
and child have that allows the child and family to continue
to receive services as described on the current IEP while
the parent works to resolve a dispute.
- Physical Therapist (PT) - A licensed health
professional who applies principles, methods and procedures
for analyzing motor or sensorimotor functions to determine
the educational significance of the identified areas
including areas such as mobility and positioning in order to
provide planning, coordination, and the implementation of
strategies for eligible individuals.
- Psychological Evaluation – means a process by
which a New York State-certified school psychologist or
licensed psychologist uses, to the extent deemed necessary
for purposes of educational planning, a variety of
psychological and educational techniques and examinations in
the student’s dominant language, to study and describe a
student’s developmental, learning, behavioral, and other
personality characteristics.
- Related Services - Services that are required to
assist an individual with disabilities to benefit from
special education, including but not limited to:
transportation, OT, PT, medical care.
- Resource Room -- A separate classroom that a
student attends part-time for instruction in specific areas
or skills building.
- Section 504 Accommodation Plan – an educational
plan or modifications for a student suspected of a
disability who may not require special education services.
- Self-Contained Classrooms -- Usually located in a
regular public school building, and are devoted to
addressing the specialized educational and instructional
needs of students with one particular type of disability.
- State Education Department (SED) – refers to the
state agency that establishes education regulations and
provides support to counties and school districts
- Subcommittee - a decision-making committee
appointed by the Board of Education. May perform
functions similar to CSE with some exceptions.
- Transition Services - A coordinated set of
activities that promote movement from school to post school
education, vocational training, integrated employment
(including supported employment), continuing and adult
education, adult services, independent living or community
participation. Transition goals are determined by the IEP
team beginning at age 14 and are based on student and family
vision, preferences, and interests.
- VESID - Office of Vocational & Educational
Services for Individuals with Disabilities.
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